Monday, May 25, 2020

The Southern Colony Of Virginia - 974 Words

The Southern colony of Virginia was considered one of the primary voices for freedom and liberty around the revolutionary period. Many illustrious liberty-driven figure heads such as Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Patrick Henry, and even George Washington were originally from Virginia. Although the men of Virginia had ideals revolving around freedom and liberty, they ironically had 40% of the population in Virginia enslaved. The idea of equality became apparent for only those of white descent, and people of color were oppressed in order to achieve this â€Å"equality† among the white classes. The events in the 16th and 17th century Virginia that lead to equality among white men consisted of the relationship of white and Native Americans in both colonial and revolutionary America, the transition from indentured servants to slavery, oppressing the people of color, deliberately enforcing racism, and the impact of the Declaration of Independence on African-Americans. Freedom in colonial America was defined to be independent from the control of another person or institution, both politically and economically. Politically, this meant that people should have the right to self-government, completely avoiding any form of tyrannical oppression. Economically, freedom translates to being supported by the labor of others, or to work for only oneself. By law, only men had the potential to be free since women and children were denied both political and property rights. In addition, theShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between Southern And New England Colonies700 Words   |  3 Pages The New England colonies and the southern colonies developed very differently from each other. In the New England colonies, there was a heavy focus on religion and less focus on trade happening. However, in the southern colonies, there was not such a heavy focus on religion, and there was a heavier focus on trading and getting money. Another reason for the colonies developing so differently i s because of their geography and climate, in the southern colonies, there was better farmland, so they farmedRead MoreBritish Colonies And The New England Colonies864 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout the New World many British colonies were established for various reasons. A few of those reasons being for religious freedom, farming, and gold. The way that certain colonies would succeed and develop depended on geographical factors. Eventually some colonies would flourish through farming, seaport trade, or industry. In the New England colonies such as Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire, their economy succeeded through shipbuilding and trading. The soil upRead MoreColonial Colonies : The Atlantic Coast1666 Words   |  7 Pages The English Colonies alongside the Atlantic Coast in the 1600’s- 1700’s began with the failed attempt to establish the Roanoke Colony in Virginia, which was later, suppressed by the Virgina Company, who established the colony of Jamestown in Chesapeake Bay. The Virginia Company was a joint stock company that primarily used the stock they obtained from King James to raise money to create Jamestown. Following this success of establishment was a series of devastation as food sources were scare, conflictsRead MoreThe New England And Chesapeake Colonies1290 Words   |  6 PagesEngland for many different reasons. Due to differences in motive and geography, the New England and Chesapeake colonies developed unique societies, despite their similarity in origin. The motives of the English and geographical locations of their settlement impacted the economy and government of the colony, as well as education, disparity of wealth, and usage of slaves present in the colonies. As a result of the Protestant Reformation that spread throughout Europe during the late sixteenth century,Read MoreEnglish Colonies in North America (Ap Us History)1253 Words   |  6 PagesAP US History English Colonies in North America Before the seventeenth century, countries such as Portugal and Spain had controlled the rich lands of the Americas, and England was left out of the race due to religious conflict back home. However, when Queen Elizabeth came into power, England’s power also rose in the colonial game in the America. Some of the first colonies they gathered are the ones of Virginia and Carolina. They also acquired the colonies of Massachusetts Bay and Rhode IslandRead MoreNative Americans During European Settlements With Massive Immigration1493 Words   |  6 Pagescontinually grew along-with migration to the Americas. The crops such as tobacco produced in the southern colonies, specifically Maryland and Virginia, contributed to the development of commerce between the worlds connected by the Atlantic. This led to the increase in demand for labor in the Americas. The Native Americans initially provided the labor for the production of goods in the southern colonies. But, with constant evolving trade and the introduction of new products, the labor demand remainedRead MoreThe Mid Atlantic And Southern Regions874 Words   |  4 PagesThe mid-Atlantic and Southern regions during the 17th century, played a big role in creating and structuring America’s politics, economy and social life. Through trial and error eventually these regions formed America into the country as we know it today. The mid-Atlantic s vast wealth of natural resources allowed this region to become very fruitful, economically in several key industries. The South during this time became very dependent of agriculture and trade. Settlers relied heavily on slaveRead MoreEconomic, Geographic, And Social Factors1352 Words   |  6 Pagesslavery as an important part of the economy of the southern colonies between 1607 and 1775? The introduction of Africans to America in 1619 set off an irreversible chain of events that effected the economy of the southern colonies. With a switch from the expensive system of indentured servitude, slavery emerged and grew rapidly for various reasons, consisting of economic, geographic, and social factors. The expansion of slavery in the southern colonies, from the founding of Jamestown in 1607 to justRead MoreThe Regions of Colonial America Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesBy the 1700’s, New England, the Chesapeake region and the Southern Colonies developed into three distinct societies, despite coming from the same mother country, England. The regions of Colonial America each had a distinctive culture and economy entirely different from the other regions. Religion and religious tolerance was completely different in each region, running from being free to complete persecution. Ethnicity and racial composition ranged from almost complete British descent to a wide rangeRe ad MoreNew England and Southern Colonies Essay example727 Words   |  3 PagesNew England colonies and the Southern colonies seemed as though they might be the same. They both started out with the majority of people being from England, they were both in the New World, and they were both ruled by England but, as time went on this theory was proven wrong. The New England colonies and the Southern colonies had many common characteristics but these two regions were very different geographically, politically, and socially. Geographically the New England colonies were the states

Friday, May 15, 2020

Rationale For Identified Target Population - 1504 Words

Rationale for identified target population The target population refers to the group(s) that the proposed study is designed and intended to realistically serve. The application of the guidelines is aimed at enhancing the credibility of the program establishment, and for which an effective responses are not currently provided. Research and experience have indicated that 68% of nearly 3.8 million retail establishments in the U.S. believe that they are overwhelmed by regulations rules and mandates such as labor regulation, health care mandates, tax codes and guideline (National Retail Federation (NRF). (2016). Hence, a strategic process guideline for establishing assisted living programs will serve well the intended proprietors in this category. I aim at providing strategic information process guidelines for establishing assisted living programs, the target population include assisted living proprietors who desire to establish assisted living for low level of care (levels 1), moderate level of care (Level 2) and high level of care (level 3). Level 1 includes assisted living program that accepts residents who require low level of care. Moderate level of care programs accepts residents who require moderate level of care. High level of care program accepts residents who require comprehensive support for any number of daily activities. (State of Maryland (Comar 10.07.14.02), 2013). Moreover, those who desire to establish assisted living program to improve the quality of lives ofShow MoreRelatedResearch Study Proposal - Part Iv : Target Population Selection1504 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Study Proposal – Part IV: Target Population Selection †¢ Rationale for identified target population The target population refers to the group(s) that the proposed study is designed and intended to realistically serve. The application of the guidelines is aimed at enhancing the credibility of the program establishment, and for which effective responses are not currently provided. Research and experience have indicated that 68% of nearly 3.8 million retail establishments in the U.S. believeRead MoreObesity And Health Issues Caused By Obesity Essay899 Words   |  4 Pagescommunity assessment. A community assessment identifies unmet needs in the most vulnerable population (Stanhope Lancaster, 2012, p 552). In the case of this community, the percentage of citizens that are considered obese is a cause for concern. Once we have identified our target population we need to perform a population needs assessment. This assessment focuses on the health needs of a specific population and the health problems that are associated with it. We need to look at what resourcesRead MoreImportan ce of Transition into the Adult World in Adolescent Foster Care995 Words   |  4 Pagesdrug and/or alcohol problem, and had neither savings nor health insurance, (p. 1919). Service Gaps There are a few organizations that specialize in the population identified at risk during the transition between foster care and independent adult living. Marys House (2013) is, for example, one organization that focuses on the female population. According to Marys House website, the organization provides guidance, counseling, and programs designed to support them during this critical stage in theirRead MoreCommunity Outreach1244 Words   |  5 PagesNR 443 Guidelines for Caring for Populations: Community Outreach Purpose The purpose of this assignment is to provide an opportunity to develop a community health nursing flyer that will be utilized for community outreach. It is the basis for your proposed intervention in the final assignment. Course Outcomes This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes: 4. Evaluate effective communication with client populations and healthcare providers in managing the healthcareRead MoreProblem Faced by Master Paints, A Research Outline612 Words   |  3 Pages INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale of the study: The rationale of the study is to conduct a research and to analyze the current problem faced by the company which is low brand awareness in the customers. Company is trying to provide quality products despite that customer are proffering other brands. The objective is to provide best possible solutions for the company so that it can overcome its difficulty of low brand awareness. 1.2 Research Objectives: †¢ To analyze the effect of price on low brand awarenessRead MoreResearch Design : On Domestic Violence Within Sexual Relationships Among Young People723 Words   |  3 PagesResearch Design: Rationale: Violence in relationships amongst young people therefore as explored above clearly allows further research to be completed. The research method I have chosen to utilize is the use of focus groups, as well as questionnaires. My reason for using both methods is as follows. Due to the lack of detailed understanding of young peoples’ opinions and knowledge of domestic violence within sexual relationships, focus groups allows for the collection of in depth opinions. FocusRead MoreIntroduction. Evidence Based Practise Is Theintegrationofclinicalexpertise,Patient1082 Words   |  5 Pagesclinical decision making EBP promotes the application of research evidence as a basis on which to make health care decisions Evidence based practice (EBP) is to demonstrate the best practice, which has been supported, with a valid and clear rationale to support it. Whilst using (EBP), this also acknowledges the patient/clients best interest. (EBP) is the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patient/clients (SackettRead MoreSoutheast Region Tampa General Hospital : Needs Assessment1278 Words   |  6 PagesSoutheast Region Tampa General Hospital: Needs Assessment A needs assessment is the initial step in revising a current curriculum or initiating a new educational program (Keating, 2015). Once a problem is identified, a more targeted needs assessment can be determined (Bass Chen, 2016). From this needs assessment, identifiable, measurable objectives for developing a curriculum can be initiated (Kern, 2016). This paper will present the first part of the course project outline for the SoutheastRead MoreProgram Mission And Community Resources1469 Words   |  6 Pagesschool athletes located in the community of Hampton, Virginia who are at-risk or have engaged in criminal activities, truancy, poor academic performance, or weak support systems. This paper will provide readers the program’s mission statement and rationale as to how the program’s culture will be created to support the mission. Then the paper will present the organization structure that will be required for the program. Then readers will be provided the plan for the utilization of community resourcesRead MoreThe Conceptual Rationale Was Appropriate For The Study Essay1476 Words   |  6 PagesGiven the statement of the problem, the conceptual rationale was appropriate for the study. Method Researchers use particular methodologies to guide the study, collect samples, determine a study population, and describe interventions. The method of a research study should include protection of participants’ rights, research design, population and sample, data collection and measurement, and procedures. Researchers should state how they protect human subjects’ rights when they collect data. Research

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Essay on The General Features of Human Cells - 1736 Words

The adaptation of cells to their functions,their size, and shape 1.THE GENERAL FEATURES OF HUMAN CELLS The cell is the structural functional unit of all known living organisms it is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as a living and is often called the building block of life .Like ourselves, the individual cell that forms our bodies can grow reproduce, process, information, respond to stimuli and carry out an amazing array of chemical reactions ,as the twenty first century opens we face an explosion of new data about components of cells what structures they contain how they touch and influence each other. The human body is composed of countless millions of units called cells .In an animal like a human there are†¦show more content†¦Granulocyte They are spherical shaped the most numerous of the white cells they destroy pathogens such as protozoan’s or helminths and they medicate allergy and other forms of inflammation. The cell contains many cytoplasmic granules, or secretary resides that labour potent chemicals important in the immune responses .They have a multi lobed nuclei and because of this they are often called polmorphonuclear cells. Granulocytes are subdivided into three categories neutrophils ,eosiophils and basophiles, making up to 50 to 80 percent of all white cells are neutrophils which are often one of the first cell types to arrive at the site of infection, where they engulf and destroy through a process called phagocytosis .Eosinophils and bisophils as well as the tissue cells(mast cells) arrive late .The granules of bisophils and mast cells contain a number of chemicals including histamine and leukotrines that are important in inducing allergic inflammatoryShow MoreRelatedDesigning A New Software Tool Essay1468 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract A new software tool, which aims to interactively discover the micro-organization of pyramidal neurons, has been developed recently. This tool is the PyramidalExplorer which makes possible the exploration of regional differences in the pyramidal cell morphology by integrating quantitative morphological information regarding the cell’s morphology with applied functional models. This tool is known for its navigation within the 3D dataset and for its unique filter and content-based retrieval operationsRead MoreThe Human Body Limits Iron Stores1287 Words   |  6 Pagesiron absorption and the it’s release from storage sites in the body (Haemochromatosis.org.au, 2014). The human body limits iron stores through the HFE protein, however hereditary haemochromatosis is caused by a mutation of the HFE protein in the DNA, means it cannot communicate with the transferrin receptor. As a result, when iron enters the body, the transferrin absorbs the mineral into the cells. Excess ir on is deposited into liver, heart pancreas, joints, sex organs and in the joints.DNA is a doubleRead MoreMobile Phones: Information and Communication Technology1492 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopments in the telecommunication world. Initially, mobile phones or cellular phones (also known as cell phones) were only introduced as telephones that were portable and their use was not confined to ones premises. Over the years, the way cell phones began to be used diversified greatly when the world moved towards the GSM technology. The GSM was than further developed to incorporate services such as General Packet Radio Service. Then came the 4th generation mobile phones and it was when the concept ofRead MoreVisual Information Processing Paper1592 Words   |  7 PagesPSYCH/64 December 2, 2013 Holly Berry Perception Paper Humans have a unique and wonderful device in how one sees. The eye and brain work together to turn the world into visual data one’s brain can understand and use. There are some eye conditions that inhibit the sight or the recognition of the shapes one sees. Research continues to overcome these conditions as well as to further understand the biochemical reaction that gives humans the sight and understanding one has of visual data. IncludedRead MoreThe Stem Cell Therapy ( Iusct )1641 Words   |  7 PagesIntrauterine stem cell therapy (IUSCT) refers to treatment of a variety of fetal genetic disorders thought transplantation of either allogenic or genetically modified autologous stem cells. Stem cells become incorporated into the recipient tissue to start proliferation and differentiation through their pluripotent or multipotent potential to compensate for the missing or defective protein. This could be useful in treating fetal genetic disorders which are considered to be perin atally lethal or associatedRead MoreDarwin s Theory Of Natural Selection1638 Words   |  7 Pagessurvive longer and transmit more of their genetic characteristics to succeeding generations, than do those that are less well adapted. The following section will cover aspects on which Darwin’s theory was transformative on his society, and also the general feelings of his contemporaries towards his work. Joseph Hooker, a lifelong friend and contemporary of Charles Robert Darwin was the first person Darwin confided in about his discoveries and theories of natural selection. â€Å"Yet Hooker never hesitatedRead MoreA Machine Learning Approach For Emotions Classification1388 Words   |  6 Pagesor opinion mining is the computational study of opinions, sentiments and emotions expressed in text. Sentiment analysis refers to the general method to extract subjectivity and polarity from text.It uses a machine learning approach or a lexicon based approach to analyse human sentiments about a topic..The challenge for sentimental analysis lies in identifying human emotions expressed in these text. The classification of sentiment analysis goes as follows: Machine Learning is the field of study thatRead MoreThe world is going through great clinical developments in the field of medicine and treatment .800 Words   |  4 Pagesfind an end to many diseases And one of the Successful approaches is using originate cells to treat diseases for example Parkinsons and diabetes. So we can say that treatment utilizing stem tissues came to remedy the problem of diseases that medicine could not handle. Even though drugs deal with many illnesses, there is continue to a lot of conditions that treatment could not handle. I really believe that stem cell therapy as an effective alternative for the management of incurable ailments but exactlyRead MoreHow Spreadsheets Can Be Used For Solving Complex Problems1231 Words   |  5 PagesOnce a framework has been completed it doesn’t have to be made again because all of the formulae remain in place. A lot of the spreadsheet uses AutoSum which automatically changes totals when the cells that have been r eferenced change values. You can also use autofill to copy the same formula into the next cell, if a spreadsheet isn’t used then all calculations have be done manually which is not only tedious but time consuming. All information can also be converted into graphs at the click of a buttonRead MoreThe Benefits of Genetic Engineering Essay1108 Words   |  5 Pagesit is crucial to continue research in this field. Todays research in genetic engineering is bringing about new methods for curing and treating major medical illnesses. The Human Genome Project has allowed geneticists to map the genes of human beings. This project is far from complete, as the DNA sequence of humans is extremely long, yet it will eventually show geneticists which genes are responsible for certain inherited diseases. Identified genes could be repaired, resulting in the irradiation

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Chris Colin Essay Example For Students

Chris Colin Essay Struan Taylor12:20An economic analysis on what is happening in the South African Motorindustry. Economics 101 Essay 118 marchAbstractThe purpose of the essay is to give you a critical view on what is reallyhappening within the car industry and I plan to demonstrate and illustratewhat happens to the demand and the supply of entry-levelled vehicles in thesituation of the motor vehicles being over priced in the face of weakeningforeign currencies and a strengthening Rand. The issue was addressed bylooking at forecasts as well as the relationship between the demand andsupply determinants and backing up the motor industries theories. We will write a custom essay on Chris Colin specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Conclusions were drawn based on the outcome of the simultaneous demand andsupply determinants as well as statistics over recent years provingtheories. IntroductionWith there being decreases in the Dollar, Euro and Yen, the prices of motorvehicles are still consistently on the increase as well as tariffs inSouth Africa being reduced as well as local content requirements eitherbeing relaxed or abolished (Black and Mitchell, 2002:23), the price ofmanufacturer input costs have decreased meaning that the quantity demandedof these inputs has increased and with this in mind, there is a sense ofintervention of competitive manufacturers because this increases thequantity supplied but this year there has still been an increase inquantity demanded by the general public because of competitive rivalry aswell as lower interest rates in 2004 but the influence of foreign producedgoods lead to eventual price reductions. Quantity demanded and quantity supplied for new vehicles in the industrywith regard them being over priced. The demand for motor vehicles may be influence by forecast conditions putout by the National Association of Automobile Manufacturers of SouthAfrica. Before, the economic analysis was taking place but the consumerpopulation forecast expected future price increases with full knowledge ofthe decrease in manufacture import prices, they made use of substitutemodels within the industry leading to a decrease in quantity demanded ofexpensive models decreasing the gross profit of the car makers and causinga shift in the demand curve to a decrease left. It is expected that peoplewill continue to by less expensive goods, and these sales could representalmost a set percentage of the total market by period end.(Black andMitchell, 2002:34). With this being said, this year the competitive rivalry within the motorindustry is forcing narrower margins and smaller price increases(Business Times, 2001). From the start of this year (2004), there hasntbeen a price increase and this is because of the reduction in interestrates making cars more affordable and so the public can now afford to buythe vehicles. The supply of vehicles increased because of the fact that the price ofmotor vehicle inputs have decreased due to foreign exchange weakening andboosting imports and so there will be a shift in the demand curve to anincrease right. This level of quantity supplied increased and with thequantity demanded decreasing and so there were simultaneous shifts of thetwo curves at the same price level causing and this led to . (Black andMitchell, 2002:27) .There was also an increase in sales at a discountedoverpriced rate as well as improvements in technology. The situation of an increase in quantity supplied may eventually lead to asituation of over supply and may be forced to reduce prices in the face offoreign cheaper competition as a result of their fierce import competition. (Moneyweb, 2004)Unfair or fair?Last year, there was an increase in price by 2% (Moneyweb, 2004). This yearthere has been a general increase in quantity demanded with an increase inannual sales by 18% (Standard Bank, 2004) and this brings in the argumenton behalf of the Marius Burger (Toyota vice president) and this is becausehe had the view that the prices were fair in the long term and the priceshave been forecasted to work out this year to the correct pricing andwithout being under priced. .u28f638383ce74ae36aa782b85928a100 , .u28f638383ce74ae36aa782b85928a100 .postImageUrl , .u28f638383ce74ae36aa782b85928a100 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u28f638383ce74ae36aa782b85928a100 , .u28f638383ce74ae36aa782b85928a100:hover , .u28f638383ce74ae36aa782b85928a100:visited , .u28f638383ce74ae36aa782b85928a100:active { border:0!important; } .u28f638383ce74ae36aa782b85928a100 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u28f638383ce74ae36aa782b85928a100 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u28f638383ce74ae36aa782b85928a100:active , .u28f638383ce74ae36aa782b85928a100:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u28f638383ce74ae36aa782b85928a100 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u28f638383ce74ae36aa782b85928a100 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u28f638383ce74ae36aa782b85928a100 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u28f638383ce74ae36aa782b85928a100 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u28f638383ce74ae36aa782b85928a100:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u28f638383ce74ae36aa782b85928a100 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u28f638383ce74ae36aa782b85928a100 .u28f638383ce74ae36aa782b85928a100-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u28f638383ce74ae36aa782b85928a100:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Tell Tale Heart EssayAnother reason for the price increases in the short run is because therehas been exchange rate erosion over the last 30 years and in the short run,the current bout of strength in the rand hasnt made up for that erosionand so there is a valid reason within the industry to keep prices at anincrease for export purposes (Moneyweb, 2004). There has also been anincrease in price inflation because of the fact that the car sales marketis small in relation to the population. Vehicle sales take into accountprice levels and disposable income, and factor into equation unemploymentof more than 30% and the fact that half of South Africans are currentlyliving und er the poverty line (Moneyweb, 2004). ConclusionQuantity demanded in these years were decreased because of forecastsleading to consumers buying less expensive entry-level vehicles and makinguse of substitutes as well as forecasts from critical reports. Quantitysupplied increased in these years because of simultaneous shifts demand andsupply with demand decreasing and supply increasing at the same price levelas well as supply increasing because of innovation within the industry. Based on prices not forecasted to be increased in 2004 because of reducedinterest rates and increased sales, the equilibrium balance can beconcluded statistically to support the motor industrys ideas on why thevehicles are not over priced and support their theory on the prices of newentry vehicles having changed in the face of short term economic conditionsbecause in the long run, vehicles have been under priced because of thelong term exchange rate erosion that took place. References 1) BLACK, A., MITCHELL, S., 2002. Appex Studies (Vol 78). Blackwell,England: Cambridge International Science Publishing. 2) MONEYWEB, 1997. Investment insights 2004. online. Available:http://m1.mny.co.za/MNMentor.nsf/0/C2256A2A005298FAC2256E1500172019?OpenDocument. Accessed 16 March 2004. 3) BUSINESS TIMES, 2001. Motor industry profitability 2001. online. Available: http://www.btimes.co.za/97/0119/news/news5.htm#top. Accessed 16 March 2004. 4) STANDARD BANK, 2004. Industry research 2004. online. Available:http://ed.standardbank.co.za/research/MOT0402.PDF. Accessed 16 March2004.